Article 65

(1)if under the contract the buyer is to specify the form, measurement or other features of the goods and he fails to make such specification either on the date agreed upon or within a reasonable time after receipt of a request from the seller, the seller may, without prejudice to any other rights he may have, make the specification himself in accordance with the requirements of the buyer that may be known to him.

　如果买方应根据合同规定订明货物的形状、大小或其它特征，而他在议定的日期或在收到卖方的要求后一段合理时间内没有订明这些规格，则卖方在不损害其可能享有的任何其它权利的情况下，可以依照他所知的买方的要求，自己订明规格

(2)If the seller makes the specification himself, he must inform the buyer of the details thereof and must fix a reasonable time within which the buyer may make a different specification. If, after receipt of such a communication, the buyer fails to do so within the time so fixed, the specification made by the seller is binding.

　如果卖方自己订明规格，他必须把订明规格的细节通知买方，而且必须规定一段合理时间，让买方可以在该段时间内订出不同的规格。如果买方在收到这种通知后没有在该段时间内这样做，卖方所订的规格就具有约束力

Chapter IV　PASSING OF RISK

　　　　　风险移转

Article 66

Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge him from his obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or omission of the seller.

货物在风险移转到买方承担后遗失或损坏，买方支付价款的义务并不因此解除，除非这种遗失或损坏是由于卖方的行为或不行为所造成

Article 67

(1)If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place. The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passage of the risk.

　如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，但卖方没有义务在某一特定地点交付货物，自货物按照销售合同交付给第一承运人以转交给买方时起，风险就移转到买方承担。如果卖方有义务在某一特定地点把货物交付给承运人，在货物于该地点交付给承运人以前，风险不移转到买方承担。卖方受权保留控制货物处置权的单据，并不影响风险的移转

(2)Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.

　但是，在货物以货物上加标记、或以装运单据、或向买方发出通知或其它方式清楚地注明有关合同以前，风险不移转到买方承担

Article 68

The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage. Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of the contract of sale the seller knew or ought to have known that the goods had been lost or damaged and did not disclose this to the buyer, the loss or damage is at the risk of the seller.

对于在运输途中销售的货物，从订立合同时起，风险就移转到买方承担。但是，如果情况表明有此需要，从货物交付给签发载有运输合同单据的承运人时起，风险就由买方承担。尽管如此，如果卖方在订立合同时已知道或理应知道货物已经遗失或损坏，而他又不将这一事实告之买方，则这种遗失或损坏应由卖方负责

Article 69

(1)In cases not within articles 67 and 68, the risk passes to the buyer when he takes over the goods or, if he does not do so in due time, from the time when the goods are placed at his disposal and he commits a breach of contract by failing to take delivery.

　在不属于第六十七条和第六十八条规定的情况下，从买方接收货物时起，或如果买方不在适当时间内这样做，则从货物交给他处置但他不收取货物从而违反合同时起，风险移转到买方承担

(2)However, if the buyer is bound to take over the goods at a place other than a place of business of the seller, the risk passes when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods are placed at his disposal at that place.

　但是，如果买方有义务在卖方营业地以外的某一地点接收货物，当交货时间已到而买方知道货物已在该地点交给他处置时，风险方始移转

(3)If the contract relates to goods not then identified, the goods are considered not to be placed at the disposal of the buyer until they are clearly identified to the contract.

　如果合同指的是当时未加识别的货物，则这些货物在未清楚注明有关合同以前，不得视为已交给买方处置

Article 70

If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the breach.

如果卖方已根本违反合同，第六十七条、第六十八条和第六十九条的规定，不损害买方因此种违反合同而可以采取的各种补救办法

Chapter V　PROVISIONS COMMON TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER AND OF THE BUYER

　　　　　卖方和买方义务的一般规定

Section I. Anticipatory breach and instalment contracts

第一节 预期违反合同和分批交货合同

Article 71

(1)A party may suspend the performance of his obligations if, after the conclusion of the contract, it becomes apparent that the other party will not perform a substantial part of his obligations as a result of:

　如果订立合同后，另一方当事人由于下列原因显然将不履行其大部分重要义务，一方当事人可以中止履行义务

(a)a serious deficiency in his ability to perform or in his creditworthiness; or

　他履行义务的能力或他的信用有严重缺陷；或

(b)his conduct in preparing to perform or in performing the contract.

　他在准备履行合同或履行合同中的行为

(2)If the seller has already dispatched the goods before the grounds described in the preceding paragraph become evident, he may prevent the handing over of the goods to the buyer even though the buyer holds a document which entitles him to obtain them. The present paragraph relates only to the rights in the goods as between the buyer and the seller.

　如果卖方在上一款所述的理由明显化以前已将货物发运，他可以阻止将货物交给买方，即使买方持有其有权获得货物的单据。本款规定只与买方和卖方间对货物的权利有关

(3)A party suspending performance, whether before or after dispatch of the goods, must immediately give notice of the suspension to the other party and must continue with performance if the other party provides adequate assurance of his performance.

　中止履行义务的一方当事人不论是在货物发运前还是发运后，都必须立即通知另一方当事人，如经另一方当事人对履行义务提供充分保证，则他必须继续履行义务

Article 72

(1)If prior to the date for performance of the contract it is clear that one of the parties will commit a fundamental breach of contract, the other party may declare the contract avoided.

　如果在履行合同日期之前，明显看出一方当事人将根本违反合同，另一方当事人可以宣告合同无效

(2)If time allows, the party intending to declare the contract avoided must give reasonable notice to the other party in order to permit him to provide adequate assurance of his performance.

　如果时间许可，打算宣告合同无效的一方当事人必须向另一方当事人发出合理的通知，使他可以对履行义务提供充分保证

(3)The requirements of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the other party has declared that he will not perform his obligations.

　如果另一方当事人已声明他将不履行其义务，则上一款的规定不适用

Article 73

(1)In the case of a contract for delivery of goods by instalments, if the failure of one party to perform any of his obligations in respect of any instalment constitutes a fundamental breach of contract with respect to that instalment, the other party may declare the contract avoided with respect to that instalment.

　对于分批交付货物的合同，如果一方当事人不履行对任何一批货物的义务，便对该批货物构成根本违反合同，则另一方当事人可以宣告合同对该批货物无效

(2)If one party's failure to perform any of his obligations in respect of any instalment gives the other party good grounds to conclude that a fundamental breach of contract will occur with respect to future instalments, he may declare the contract avoided for the future, provided that he does so within a reasonable time.

　如果一方当事人不履行对任何一批货物的义务，使另一方当事人有充分理由断定对今后各批货物将会发生根本违反合同，该另一方当事人可以在一段合理时间内宣告合同今后无效

(3)A buyer who declares the contract avoided in respect of any delivery may, at the same time, declare it avoided in respect of deliveries already made or of future deliveries if, by reason of their interdependence, those deliveries could not be used for the purpose contemplated by the parties at the time of the conclusion of the contract.

　买方宣告合同对任何一批货物的交付为无效时，可以同时宣告合同对已交付的或今后交付的各批货物均为无效，如果各批货物是互相依存的，不能单独用于双方当事人在订立合同时所设想的目的

Section II. Damages

第二节 损害赔偿

Article 74

Damages for breach of contract by one party consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit, suffered by the other party as a consequence of the breach. Such damages may not exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to have known, as a possible consequence of the breach of contract.

一方当事人违反合同应负的损害赔偿额，应与另一方当事人因他违反合同而遭受的包括利润在内的损失额相等。这种损害赔偿不得超过违反合同一方在订立合同时,依照他当时已知道或理应知道的事实和情况，对违反合同预料到或理应预料到的可能损失

Article 75

If the contract is avoided and if, in a reasonable manner and within a reasonable time after avoidance, the buyer has bought goods in replacement or the seller has resold the goods, the party claiming damages may recover the difference between the contract price and the price in the substitute transaction as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74.

如果合同被宣告无效，而在宣告无效后一段合理时间内，买方已以合理方式购买替代货物，或者卖方已以合理方式把货物转卖，则要求损害赔偿的一方可以取得合同价格和替代货物交易价格之间的差额以及按照第七十四条规定可以取得的任何其他损害赔偿

Article 76

(1)If the contract is avoided and there is a current price for the goods, the party claiming damages may, if he has not made a purchase or resale under article 75, recover the difference between the price fixed by the contract and the current price at the time of avoidance as well as any further damages recoverable under article 74. If, however, the party claiming damages has avoided the contract after taking over the goods, the current price at the time of such taking over shall be applied instead of the current price at the time of avoidance.

　如果合同被宣告无效，而货物又有时价，要求损害赔偿的一方，如果没有根据第七十五条规定进行购买或转卖，则可以取得合同规定的价格和宣告合同无效时的时价之间的差额以及按照第七十四条规定可以取得的任何其它损害赔偿。但是，如果要求损害赔偿的一方在接收货物之后宣告合同无效，则应适用接收货物时的时价,而不适用宣告合同无效时的时价

(2)For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the current price is the price prevailing at the place where delivery of the goods should have been made or, if there is no current price at that place, the price at such other place as serves as a reasonable substitute, making due allowance for differences in the cost of transporting the goods.

　为上一款的目的，时价指原应交付货物地点的现行价格，如果该地点没有时价，则指另一合理替代地点的价格，但应适当地考虑货物运费的差额

Article 77

A party who relies on a breach of contract must take such measures as are reasonable in the circumstances to mitigate the loss, including loss of profit, resulting from the breach. If he fails to take such measures, the party in breach may claim a reduction in the damages in the amount by which the loss should have been mitigated.

声称另一方违反合同的一方，必须按情况采取合理措施，减轻由于该另一方违反合同而引起的损失，包括利润方面的损失。如果他不采取这种措施，违反合同一方可以要求从损害赔偿中扣除原可以减轻的损失数额

Section III. Interest

第三节 利息

Article 78

If a party fails to pay the price or any other sum that is in arrears, the other party is entitled to interest on it, without prejudice to any claim for damages recoverable under article 74.

如果一方当事人没有支付价款或任何其它拖欠金额，另一方当事人有权对这些款额收取利息，但不妨碍要求按照第七十四条规定可以取得的损害赔偿

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